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Daily Archives: May 9, 2023
Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods: Early Humans and the Origins of Religion
世界各地的宗教和神話教導說,上帝創造了人類。 與此同時,無神論者、人道主義者和唯物主義的批評者試圖顛覆神學,聲稱宗教是人類的發明。 在這本書中,E. Fuller Torrey 利用前沿的神經科學研究為終極問題提出了驚人的答案。”Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods: Early Humans and the Origins of Religion” 將神的起源定位在人腦中,認為宗教信仰是進化的副產品。 根據最初由查爾斯·達爾文提出的想法,托里整理了證據,證明神的出現是多種進化因素的偶然結果。 這本書使用從古代頭骨和人工製品到腦成像、靈長類動物學和兒童發育研究的各種數據,追溯了新的認知能力如何產生新的行為。 例如,自傳體記憶,及時向後和向前投射自己的能力,給了智人競爭優勢。 然而,它也導致了對死亡率的理解,激發了對死亡替代方案的信念。 Torrey 詳述了神經生物學順序,解釋了神出現時出現的原因,將包括服裝、藝術、農業和城市化在內的考古發現與認知發展聯繫起來。 這本書並沒有否定信仰,而是將宗教信仰描述為大腦進化的必然結果。 為進化神經科學提供清晰易懂的解釋,進化的大腦,新興的神將揭示我們最深奧秘的機制。 宗教是一種普遍存在的現象,許多學者已經對它如何、何時以及為何產生做出了解釋。 儘管信徒們經常喜歡指出達爾文也是一名基督徒,但達爾文的論點並沒有讓我相信宗教不僅僅是我們進化的副產品。 美國精神病學家 E. Fuller Torrey 優雅地承認了這一知識遺產,並在此更新了這一觀點,提出了令人信服的論點,即宗教是大腦進化的副產品。 Torrey 認為,神的概念是在人類進化認知發展的五個具體飛躍之後出現的。 這本書與其說是宗教史——事實上,它幾乎沒有討論宗教的起源——不如說是神的起源的進化史。 五個進化步驟包括大腦體積和智力的顯著增加、自我意識、對他人思想的意識、反思自己思想的能力以及及時向前或向後看的能力 ( p 3 )。這個過程始於 … Continue reading
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