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Daily Archives: December 2, 2023
Angst: Zusammenschau verschiedener Perspektiven
旅途中看到“一名台灣「旅遊達人」來港旅行,因為在餐廳付錢時感到被待慢(店員講話用吼的、找錢用丟的),氣噗噗在專頁上痛罵香港,之後又說香港金融不夠開放,理由是自己在香港沒有兌換港幣,國際金融中心「竟然」不能方便刷卡。(其實只是這間店表示不收電子支付,他說成一個普遍現象)。。。” 旅遊本就是一種侵入性活動。一個人“侵入”一個地方而又高高在上,那反映的是那個人的教養不足:一種殖民主義心態 殖民主義心態背後就是(我是)主子、老子,你們算老幾。這種“我是主子”、老子有多利害。。。不但在很多旅客身上看到,其實在名利場、學界更多不勝數。從來所謂大師不會自稱自己是大師、真的利害的人物也無須無時無刻到處告知人/顯示自己有多利害。人,算是甚麼?高真的可以算是個人(物)而已、低却也不過是螻蟻:脆弱不堪。。。這背後又代表了甚麼?想來是一個人的恐懼/焦慮:怕自己的存在被人無視、從而想方設法刷存在感。。。 “Angst: Zusammenschau verschiedener Perspektiven”一書匯集了 2014 年在海德堡舉行的跨學科會議上以講座形式發表的 11 篇文章。探討恐懼是人類存在的基本現象。沒有其他情感在個人生活以及儀式、宗教和制度的出現中發揮如此重要的作用。哲學不能宣稱比醫學更能直接接觸恐懼。沒有一種方法可以完全解釋這種現象,但可以透過從不同角度觀察來找到一種方法。 Sören Kierkegaard 於 1844 年介紹了焦慮和恐懼之間的區別。恐懼作為一種與特定對象無關的分散的、無方向的體驗,指的是自由及其限制,而恐懼則指的是始終源自特定對象的具體「危險體驗」。在古代哲學中,頭暈就與恐懼連結在一起。從現象學的角度來看,恐懼的特徵是身體的收縮(詞源學上:收縮、壓迫)與作為「阻礙的『道路』」而直接對抗的逃跑衝動之間的衝突(Emil Angehrn,Angst als Grundproblem der Philosophie)。因此,恐懼是一種“身體存在主義”,是身體構成主體的基本經驗。 當恐懼似乎毫無根據並擾亂日常生活時,它似乎是病態的,而日常生活取決於適當處理特定的危險。當某人遭受焦慮而不是將其視為「讓你更有經驗」的經歷時,就會出現「焦慮症狀」(Alice Holzhey-Kunz,Angst als philosophische Erfahrung und als pathologisches Symptom )。恐懼的概念在精神分析中也具有特殊的意義:Sigmund Freud 區分了真正的恐懼和神經症恐懼——“對我們不知道的危險的恐懼”,分析必須首先揭示其原因。他的術語「自由浮動」至今仍被用來描述沒有任何明顯原因的恐懼。臨床經驗表明,對於患有焦慮症的人來說,自由浮動的恐懼和與物體相關的恐懼症可能會來回交替——焦慮試圖變成恐懼。 最後,值得注意的是對恐懼和自我實現之間聯繫的反思——如果我們不透過活動和項目不斷地照亮世界,世界就會變得無足輕重。 本書是一本非常刺激、值得一讀的書。
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