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Daily Archives: February 13, 2024
Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century
如果你給政府足夠的權力去創造“社會公正”,那麼你就給了它足夠的權力去創造專制。無數的人因為忽視這個事實而付出了生命的代價。 Thomas Sowell Jonathan Glover 的書 “Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century” 對非人性作為人類固有的屬性進行了扣人心弦的描述,其書名恰當而令人毛骨悚然。 其中一部分是對上個世紀一些廣為人知的恐怖事件的分析概述,一部分是關於如何抑制人類潛在的暴行的值得讚揚的建議,儘管可能有些天真。Glover 的論點是,一些文化特徵可能會鼓勵和促進野蠻行為的發展。 第一,社會思想被單一的、宏大的烏托邦思想所統治,就像史達林時代的俄羅斯和毛澤東時代的中國; 第二,肆無忌憚的部落主義 tribalism ,如南斯拉夫和盧安達。 納粹主義尤其致命,因為它將重新創造人類的宏偉烏托邦計劃與部落主義和種族主義動力結合在一起。 以抽象類別(民族、種族、階級)而非具體個體來思考人的風氣也可能導致不人道的行為。 同樣,迴避的思想氛圍、導致不負責任的道德惰性以及國家軍隊擺脫文官控制都可能產生可怕的影響。 Glover 的預防性建議包括鼓勵尊重對手的尊嚴; 鼓勵批評政治當局; 避免基於單一參數建構的社會認同; 以及發展一支維持世界治安的國際軍事力量。 他還建議修改國家概念,允許 “軟邊邊界 soft-edged borders” —— 這項改革可能會導致多個國家首都位於一個城市。 最後,作者認為國際社會應該關注主權國家內部的部落關係。 與作者提出的令人痛苦、緊迫的問題相比,這些建議可能顯得貧乏,但考慮到他如此恰當地分析的主題的重要性,人們不敢忽視他的處方。 xxxxxxxxxx 如果您發現自己對新聞和電視影像變得不敏感,你應該隔外開始擔心。 你的人性可能已受到威脅。Jonathan … Continue reading
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