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Daily Archives: March 30, 2024
Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall
這本 “Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall” 引人入勝且雄心勃勃的書提出了許多嘗試來量化和檢驗政治組織在多個世紀的時間跨度中的成長和衰落的理論。 Peter Turchin 的目標是證明歷史動力學的嚴格定量理論是可能的 —— 他稱之為「氣候動力學 cliodynamics」。 這涉及以微分方程的形式表達潛在的關係,並根據各種歷史數據測試預測。 儘管其基本哲學沒有作者所認識的那麼新穎 ——帶有政治和製度變數的定量宏觀經濟學正變得越來越流行 —— 但這本 “Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall” 豐富了該方法的應用,並充滿了啟發性的歷史材料。 特別詳細闡述了三個應用。 從某種程度上來說,最雄心勃勃的是關於帝國起源和發展的理論,他稱之為「元民族前沿理論 metaethnic frontier theory」。 它是一種特殊的集體行動理論。 Peter Turchin 認為,成功的帝國計畫所必需的政治和社會凝聚力並不是自然而然的,而是不同種族群體之間長期密切接觸的產物。 這增加了每個此類群體內部的社會團結,並增加了其向外投射政治和軍事力量以征服敵對群體的動機。 顯然,這並不意味著所有遭受激烈種族間競爭的群體都成為帝國的建設者(許多群體被鄰居征服)。 但這確實意味著成功的帝國建設者需要在早期的種族競爭中形成。 … Continue reading
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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