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Daily Archives: October 30, 2024
Kathrin Koslicki – The Structure of Objects
知識雖然需要有聯想,尤其是科學知識,但聯想不是胡思亂想。Kathrin Koslicki 對一般物質對象進行了分析,這些物質對像是我們在一般的、有科學依據的話語中所認定的。她特別關注這些物質對象的各個部分如何與其組成的整體相關的問題。今天,許多哲學家發現自己對物體的意義抱持著極度緊縮的觀念。根據這個概念 ,任何多個對象,無論多麼差異或不恰當劃分,本身都構成一個對象,即使所討論的對象未能表現出有趣的相似性、內部統一性、凝聚力或彼此之間的因果相互作用。這種對最初違反直覺的對象的承諾源於這樣一種信念,即沒有一套原則性的標準可以用來區分直觀上不公正劃分的對象與常識性的對象;本書 “The Structure of Objects” 的目的是說服讀者相信可以找到系統的原則,透過這些原則可以限制組合,因此我們不需要採用這種緊縮的方法來解決作為一個物件意味著甚麼的問題。為此,Koslicki 發展了一種關於部分和組成的更全面的新 Aristotle 主義解釋,根據該解釋,對像是結構化的整體:它是物體的存在和身分不可或缺的一部分, 在這個構想上,它的部件展示了一定的安排方式。這種基於結構的部分和組合概念詳細探討了它的一些歷史先驅以及一些當代競爭對手。 xxxxxxxxxx 分體論 Mereology 是一種關於部分和整體的形式理論。古典外延分體學 ( Classical Extensional Mereology = CEM ) 最初由 Stanislaw Leśniewski 系統化,並在 Henry Leonard 和 Nelson Goodman 的共同努力下系統化,其經典形式致力於描述普通的物質對象,即我們在前哲學時代都相信存在的日常事物(例如汽車、桌子、筆記型電腦等 ) 。事實上,像 David Lewis ( “On the … Continue reading
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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