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Daily Archives: January 22, 2025
World-System Theory and Practicery and Practice
自從 Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein 首次提出發達世界體系理論(WST)以來的二十五年裏,各學科的學者都採用了這種方法來解釋宏觀範圍內的社會互動。這些論文透過考古數據和分析表明,許多歷史上和史前國家缺乏控制與其互動的遙遠社會的機制。核心 /邊緣的發展需要證明,而不是簡單地假設,正如本卷中出現的跨學科對話所證明的那樣。World-System Theory and Practicery and Practice 將吸引那些對世界體系理論在舊世界和新世界的應用感興趣的人。本書中的論文反映了使用此類概括理論的辯論的活力,並將引起考古學家、人類學家、歷史學家、社會學家以及從事文明研究的人士的興趣。 xxxxxxxxxx 世界體系理論(World systems theory = WST)幾乎是在 20 世紀 70 年代由 Immanuel Wallerstein 獨立提出來的,並且對那些仍然對世界體系理論感興趣的歷史學家和考古學家產生了強大的影響(儘管這些領域的後現代主義者試圖對其進行解構性分裂)。從本質上來說,Wallerstein 主張兩種重要的加強社會連結的形式,或者說「世界體系」。第一階段是 “世界帝國 world empire”,他認為這是公元 16 世紀前資本主義社會的常態—— 在這個階段,社會和政治的控制和支配範圍往往超出了經濟一體化的範圍,因此帝國是各種經濟體的混合體。第二個是 “世界經濟 world economy”,它代表著這樣一種狀態:一個主導經濟體將其範圍擴展到形式上自治的社會政治單位;對 Wallerstein 來說 ,這種情況只發生過一次,即後中世紀現代全球商業和資本主義經濟的興起和擴張。因此,Wallerstein 將前資本主義前現代與資本主義現代區分開來,這種觀點接近實體主義的立場:現代經濟學與前資本主義社會幾乎沒有或根本沒有相關性。然而,幾乎所有試圖將 Wallerstein 理論應用於前資本主義社會的學者都忽視了 Wallerstein 的區分,從而與形式主義學派的經濟史學家保持一致,後者認為類似於現代經濟學的過程在遙遠的過去就已發揮了重要作用。 本論文集對 WST 方法進行了非常受歡迎的概述,作為揭示世界歷史和史前史重大見解的一種手段。它既提供了關於我們如何理解不同人類社羣之間的長距離互動的理論辯論 ,也提供了一系列以不同程度的成功和失敗來檢驗理論的案例研究。編者 … Continue reading
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