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Daily Archives: January 28, 2025
Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline
本書對古希臘 “哲學家 philosophos/philosopher” 一詞的起源進行了新的詮釋。本書追溯了這個詞在最初兩個世紀中含義的演變,展示了它如何首先指有抱負的政治聖人和建議者,然後指熱衷於談論美德的人,最後指專注於這些對話的範圍和條件的研究者。書中質疑了人們熟悉的觀點 ,即哲學家從一開始就「熱愛智慧 loved wisdom」或僅僅「培養自己的才智 cultivated their intellect」,並指出,哲學家們反而被嘲笑為可笑的不切實際,因為他們認為不停的談話和學習會為他們帶來社會地位或政治和道德權威。本書採用了一種新的方法來研究早期希臘哲學史,試圖了解誰被稱為 philosophoi 或 “哲學家”,以及為甚麼被稱為 “哲學家”,以及這個詞的使用和思考如何促成了一門學科的興起。本書表明,這個詞最初是對一個遙遠的政治集團的諷刺,但不到一個世紀後,它就變成了一種基於研究、反思和深思熟慮的堅定自我完善的生活。早期哲學致力於證明自身看似可疑的事業。這種尋求合法性的原始衝動對於理解該學科的歷史及其影響具有新的意義。 xxxxxxxxxx 哲學的譜系與許多人類活動一樣,具有追溯力。Thales 並不認為他的活動是哲學活動;當一項事業已經呈現出明顯的形態,並且其自我理解已經與其歷史密不可分時,他便獲得了第一位哲學家的榮譽 ( p 260;也比較 p 25 的第六點)。同樣,在 “Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline” 一書中也試圖透過追溯哲學的起源來理解哲學。Christopher Moore 對古希臘單字 philosophos 進行了權威研究,並關注了公元前 6 世紀至公元前 4 … Continue reading
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