佛教輪迴說,對生死之謎的解答最為明了完備,其主張與靈魂不死、人死斷滅二端皆有不同,獨樹一幟,具有如下突出特點:
1. 佛教輪迴說不片面著眼於靈魂或物質,而是從樸素辯證法緣起論出發,把生命活動,眾生存在看作身心合集。 心識主樞,非斷非常的流變過程。 它既否認有不變不滅的靈魂,又反對人死斷滅論,避免了靈魂不死論和人死斷滅論的理論破綻和弊端。 佛家輪迴說始終堅持緣起論的、中道的哲學立場,獨闢出以樸素辯證法窮究生死秘奧的蹊徑。
2. 佛教輪迴說描寫論述三界、六道、十法界之事相、因果、及生前、臨死、死後的情狀,至為詳悉,提供了一幅極為壯闊的多層次宇宙全景圖,為世間訖今為止的所有同類學說無法倫比。 如其它宗教雖然也說天堂地獄、天使魔鬼,但說法粗略,境界相當低,帶有人間世界投影的色彩,現佛家之詳說三界二十八天,百八地獄相比,精粗立見,其有關描述遠不及佛家之周詳。
3. 佛家不僅詳述眾生情狀,凡聖因果,宇宙全景,而且建立多種哲學體系,力圖從理論上作出解釋。 如大乘法相唯識學主要從心識分析入手,建構了一種多層次、多功能的心識集合體變造主客觀世界,形成生死流變的哲學解釋,其對心識之分析,從現代心理學來看,猶顯精密;大乘法性宗以絕對一心依緣起論解釋生死唯一真心現,宇宙全息具足於當下一念,將本體論,體用論發揮得淋漓盡致;密乘無上諭伽的身心多層次緣起說,論析身心的內在結構、微觀結構更是慧眼獨具。 總之,與世間多數哲學宗教僅以真線性的、靜態的思維方法解釋生命現像不同,佛家尤大乘佛學的輪迴說,提供了一種多層次的,立體的,圓融的,動態的生命結構說,高出直線性哲學一籌。
就以哲學思辯破生死之謎而言,佛學可謂已窮極人類理性思辯之能事,堪稱登峰造極。
4. 佛家不僅以哲學思辯、心理分析觀察解釋生命現象,而且以禪思內視的方法,開發超理性的超常智能,以直窺生命奧秘,其關於生死輪迴的現象的描繪與理論解釋,終以禪思內證之實證為依據。 其破解生死之謎的方法,與西方哲學、宗教之僅依信仰、思辯很是不同,可與中醫之哲學直貫醫療實踐相比較。 印度教、道教等東方宗教破解生死之謎的路子與佛教有所相類,但其理論、實路技術皆未及佛家之豐滿。 禪思與辯證哲學緊密結合以開發潛在智能的方法,使佛家的生死輪迴說具有了超時代、超階段的性質和價值。
佛家多層次的、動態的心識結構說、多層次心身緣起說、真心現起說等,蘊含著系統論、控制論、信息論、生物全息論等思想因素,而且還可發掘出超越這些思想的微妙智慧。 對人類具有永恆的吸引力。
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