今日重讀《圓善論》,老師牟宗三提及熊十力的勸諭: 「熊先生每常勸人為學進德勿輕忽知識,勿低視思辨。知識不足,則無資以運轉;思辨不足,則浮泛而籠統。空談修養,空說立志,虛餒迂陋,終立不起,亦無所修,亦無所養。縱有顈悟,亦是浮明;縱有性情,亦浸灌不深,枯萎以死。知識與思辨而外,又謂必有感觸而後可以為人。感觸大者為大人,感觸小者為小人。曠觀千古,稱感觸最大者為孔子與釋迦。知識、思辨、感觸三者備而實智開,此正合希臘人視哲學為愛智慧愛學問之古義,亦合一切聖教之實義。熊先生非無空靈造極之大智者,而猶諄諄于下學!惟能空靈而造極者始能切感于知識、思辨之重要;惟能切感于知識、思辨之重要者始能運轉知識、思辨而不滯於知識、思辨而通化之以至于空靈。人多不能解其意之切而當下心領神會,以為何以如熊先生之高明而猶賓賓于瑣碎之糟粕!不自知其空疏而無似,遂轉而枵腹自大,襲取古人話頭以自文,動輒言吾雖不識一字亦堂堂正正做一個人。此誠然也,然象山說之有衷氣,汝說之只成一遁辭。不識一字固可堂堂正正做一個人,非謂堂堂正正做一個人,便可不須識字也,亦非謂盡不識字者皆可堂堂正正做一個人。又或以為思辨只是空理論,不必有實證,遂妄託證會以自高。殊不知思理混亂,基本訓練且不足,而可妄言證會乎?汝焉知思辨明徹者必無證會乎?又或以為知識只是粗迹,未可語于性德之冥契,如是,遂日夜閉目合晴,妄託冥契以蹈空。殊不知學知不夠,雖即于性德亦不知其為何物,而可妄言冥契乎?汝焉知學知周至者定無性德之冥契乎?」 「一般學子淺陋浮泛之可厭,既不足以成事,又不足以成學,此是民族之衰象。生命強力不足,亦不能堪忍煩瑣與深入,如是,遂落于非昏沉即掉舉。」 想來做學問、做人、求道實處處是危、亦處處是機。人要知識、思辨、感觸三者並具而行實不易亦易,唯在我們能否時時警愓矣……
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