一點看法、一個猜測……
自鄧小平提出改革開放以來,中國由貧窮的第三世界,經過了二十多年而成世界第二經濟體。
何以如此?
中國的經濟發展人力資源上實有賴於戶籍制下的農民散工。他們到城市工作,但因戶籍制下却不能享有醫保、社保、教育、居住的保障,使企業(大部分都是國企、或半國企)可以以低薪、(幾乎)零福利聘用。[參考《 散沙:中國農民工的故事》、《 呼吸:中國農民工30年遷徙史》、《 洪流-中國農民工30年遷徙史》]。所以中國可以一舉成為世界工廠,蘋果手機生產商富事康也有員工三十多萬人……
另一方面,中國以國家資本主議的角色逐鹿於世界資本主義世界,其資金來源有說是依靠印制貨幣外、更主要的是將醫保及社保的資源押上了。因而能有兩位數字的增長,且又適逢雷曼所引起的金融風暴,如此更顯中國經濟增長的成績、及其驚人之處……;因此更促使當時的中國政府買下了大量的美國國債。中國利用此等國債確實幫助了其經濟的發展。
但隨着美國經濟的復蘇、美債價格的變動,從而使中國亦從中帶來了一定的經濟壓力。另一方面,人口的老化(未來五年中國老人的數目是日本人口的總和)、出生率低、資源的過度開發(城市化所導致的土地破壞、水污染、空氣污染、糧食問題等)……亦伴隨了種種問題。
目前中國需要應付人口老化所帶來的社保、醫保問題(雖然中國今年已延遲了退休年齡),出生率所引起的勞動人口短缺(農民散工因經濟的發展所帶來的資訊發達亦使人知所爭取自己的權利,從而使工資增長、以及回歸出生地等問題)、環境污染破壞所帶來的醫療、健康等問題,以至產能過剩、通縮等[參考《匱乏:中國到底還缺什麼? In Line Behind a Billion People:How scarcity will define China’s ascent in the next decade》、《 跛腳的巨人:中國即將爆發的危機
Stumbling Giant: The Threats to China’s Future》、《 中國悄悄占領全世界
China’s Silent Army:The Pioneers, Traders, Fixers And Workers Who Are Remaking The World In Beijing’s Image》
等] 這一切都離不開資源、金錢。因此,金融股票市場的開發亦無可避免。在中共中央的鼓動下,金融市場當然熱鬧起來、而股票在官媒的一再吹哄下亦一升再升……但無可避免亦可能使國企適時獲利,最初的下落就發生在人行三十億的吐現而來。隨之各企業會否亦因此舉因而觸動了這一波的變動呢?……
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