富於同情心的人,他們全具虛榮和利己的動機,對在周圍撤播快樂感到愉快,對別人因他們的工作而滿足、欣慰。雖然在這一基礎上做出的行動忠於義務、和順可親,理應受到稱讚、鼓勵。但這都沒有表現出道德價值,因這非出於義務。
具有同情心的人和忠於義務的人差别在於他們的準則,兩者心中所想的恰好相反!雖然具有同情心的人和忠於義務的人都有幫助他人的目標,但他們各自是在不同的基礎上選取這目標。具同情心的人將施助看作愉快的事,愉快是他把施助看作為目的的因。有道德價值的人則將施助看作是被吁求之事、或必要之事,必要性是激發他將施助作為目的之因。
如是,具同情心的人較之有道德價值的人動機更淺薄。雖然同為施助,但在思考施助時有道德價值的人其動機比純粹具同情心者的動機有進一步的擴展。簡言之,純粹具同情心者優先考慮的是其自然傾向的同情心、而非道德義務的純粹要求,如是將同情心放於優先的人不僅比有道德的人淺薄,且是惡的
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