人是有限的存在中唯一會思考無限的存在;而有限就是神性中無限的本質環節。上帝正是那一將自身有限化的存在,他在自身內部設立了諸多規定性。上帝創造世界,也就是說,他意願世界、他思考世界、他規定自身 ~ 在他自身之外無物可作規定者。換言之,他規定自身,他為自己設立了一個他者來反對自身,以至於既有上帝也有世界:它們是兩個「存在」。在這一關係中,上帝自身作為有限者被緊緊抓住反對另一個有限者。但事實上,這個世界僅僅是表象,他在這個表象中擁有自身。沒有有限的環節就沒有生命、沒有主觀性、沒有永生的上帝。上帝創造,他是主動的:正是在這裏形成了區別,有限性的環節亦被明確地建立起來。然而有限者的持存必須再次被揚棄。因此,有兩種無限:真的無限(黑格爾)和知性的純粹的壞的無限(康德)。有限是神聖生命的一小環節。當意識到:對於有限者來說,掌握無限是一種虛妄的想法。那有限與無限的對立就被設置出來。而當意識到,真的無限早已內含於有限之中,那我們就擺脫了有限和無限的對立 康德經由對理性的限制,設置了二律背反,為此被黑格爾視為掉落了知性的純粹的壞的無限之中。但康德堅持維護了人的專嚴:不能把義務的思想或對法則的尊重變成一個人品行的充分動因即為惡。黑格爾企圖超越、或超越了康德,從而得到了真的無限的境地。於此,惡經由斷裂、撕裂、分裂的過程成為達至真的無限過程中必要的惡,從而在絕對精神中消融、和解。 雖則巴門尼德認為思維與存在是同一的,但存在與理解之間有一非辨證的關係。現實中惡的存在與思維上對惡的消融化解,在人的心靈上始終有一難以跨越的洪溝。現實上,人能否予惡達致任何形式的和解呢?為此,人設立法律制度的作用又所謂何事?
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