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Daily Archives: February 19, 2022
Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet
武漢肺炎疫情的全球大流行,將當前全球經濟發展模式的脆弱性暴露無遺。但早在疫情到來之前,全球經濟發展就已深陷多重困境:不平等加劇、經濟增長放緩、生產力增長乏力、債務水準不可持續、氣候變化加速、社會分裂深化…… 世界經濟論壇創始人Klaus Schwab早在30多年前就已敏銳地觀察到這些問題的顯現,並且多年來一直致力於探究其根源。在他看來,我們的全球經濟體系已經崩潰。關於經濟崩潰的原因的爭論是公開的:由自利目標、自由放任的政府和短期利益驅動的經濟發展體制,決定了全球經濟的發展必然是不平衡、不可持續且危機四伏的、祗為有利於少數人的技術的崛起。因為在這一體制之下,政府“唯GDP論”,對全球化的弊端管理不善;技術掌握在少數人或少數大企業手中,抑制了創新和生產力的提升,加劇了不平等;“股東利益至上”的思維模式大行其道,導致自然資源被無節制開發,環境急劇惡化。 “Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet“:我們可以用一種對所有人和地球都有效的經濟體來取代當前全球動盪、不可持續和不確定性的圖景。首先,我們必須消除生產力和工資增長放緩的社會中不斷加劇的收入不平等。其次,我們必須減少大公司壟斷市場力量對創新和生產力收益的抑製作用。最後,必須結束對自然資源的短視開發,這種開採正在腐蝕環境,使許多人的生活變得更糟。 促進進步、人類和地球的全球經濟令人信服地論證說,如果我們不從認識問題的真正形式開始,我們當前的體係將繼續讓我們失望。為了幫助我們更清楚地看到我們的挑戰,Klaus Schwab尋找我們系統缺陷的真正原因,並在中國、丹麥等世界各地尋找最佳實踐的解決方案、埃塞俄比亞、德國、印度尼西亞、新西蘭和新加坡。 鑒於此,作者結合自己多年來的思考以及在商界、政界的實踐經驗,重新構想我們的全球經濟,使其變得更加可持續和繁榮,創造性地提出了一種更加平等、更具包容性、更可持續的經濟發展模式——利益相關者模式,宣導企業、政府、公民社會和國際社會應該首先將全人類和整個地球的福祉放在中心地位。為此,作者還探訪和梳理了中國、丹麥、衣索比亞、德國、印尼、紐西蘭、新加坡等地的企業發展和政策實踐,為利益相關者模式在具體實踐層面的落地提供了實用性指導。 通過準確地描述我們的真實情況,利益相關者資本主義能夠確定解決我們問題的可行方法。施瓦布教授一章一章地向我們展示,社會各個階層的每個人都有辦法重塑全球經濟的碎片,並且——逐個國家、逐個公司、逐個公民——以某種方式將它們重新粘合在一起這對我們所有人都有好處。在這樣做的過程中,Schwab發現了新的做事方式的新興例子,這些例子為希望提供了基礎,包括: 個體機構:國家和政策如何在強大的外部力量中發揮作用 明確定義的社會契約:就共同價值觀和目標達成一致,使政府、企業和個人能夠產生最佳結果 為子孫後代做計劃:短視的當下主義損害了我們共同的未來,以及那些尚未出生的人的未來 更好的經濟成功衡量標準:超越對 GDP 的短視關注,轉向更完整、人性化的社會繁榮衡量標準
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