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Author Said Something
Daily Archives: April 1, 2022
When Doing the Right Thing is Impossible
我們為陌生人,也就是那些與我們無甚特殊關係、離我們相當遙遠的人做些甚麼?他們與我們沒甚麼關係,但他們的生命却與我們的生命具有同樣的客觀價值。甚麼行為沒有尊重他人生命的同等重要性?衹有當一些行為是錯誤的,它們才會否定某人的同等重要性。。。 財富與運氣在人類中分配相當不均。我們常發現,我們身處某種需要幫助陌生人的情景中,或者是因為他們遭受到了災害、遇到了危險。此情此景兩種衝突油然而生:。我們要面臨那些我們要幫助的人的利益與我們自身利益間的衝突,我們該為我們幫助的那些人犧牲到何種程度?。如我們衹能幫助他們中的一些人,我們就將面臨究竟應該幫助那些人的衝突 在遭遇災難的人中間,我們衹能救出一部分人,同時拋棄另一些人,放任他們生死由命,我們該如何決定? Kant認為:我們希望陌生人如何對待我們,我們就該如何對待他們。它事先將我們對生活的希望與我們對他人的責任感整合到一起。我們必須尋找一種方案來分配厄運成本,使得它無論是從倫理角度、還是從道德角度上看都是正確的。如果我們認為,我們道德上沒有責任去與別人分擔他們的厄運,那作為一個倫理責任問題、在同樣條件下,讓我們也獨自承受我們的厄運。。。 Lisa Tessman的“When Doing the Right Thing is Impossible ”中假設在洪水過後的醫院緊急疏散中,並不是所有的病人都能活著出來。你是一名醫生,面臨著選擇讓這些病人獨自痛苦地死去,或者在未經同意的情況下給他們注射致命劑量的藥物,讓他們平靜地死去。也許無論你做出什麼決定,都沒有人可以責怪你,但是,無論你選擇什麼行動,你都會被內疚所累。 在這種情況下會發生什麼,無論你做什麼,你都注定會在道德上失敗?當沒有可用的方法來做正確的事情時會發生什麼? 人類的生活充滿了這些不可能的道德決定。這些選擇和案例研究證明了它們構成了Tessman引人注目和挑釁性的作品的焦點。許多哲學家認為,根本沒有什麼情況下你在道德上應該做的事情是你不能做的,因為他們認為你不能被要求做某事,除非它實際上在你的權力範圍內。儘管如此,現實生活每天都會向我們展示我們覺得自己在道德上失敗的情況,即使不可能採取正確的行動。Tessman大膽地辯稱,有時我們有這種感覺是因為我們遇到了“不可能的道德要求”。借鑒哲學、經驗心理學和進化論,當做正確的事是不可能的時候,探索了人類如何以及為什麼構建了具有約束力的道德要求,即使這些要求無法實現。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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