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Daily Archives: April 19, 2022
Yuck!: The Nature and Moral Significance of Disgust
從國際新聞到地區信息,從中國抗疫到地區首長選舉,在生活中我們總會看到很多令人失望討厭、甚至憎惡之人、事、物;尤其是你會發現很多事就有如薛西斯Sisyphe的懲罰般重復着:那頭受了鐵拳之苦醒了,過不了多久又再沉睡。。。周而復始永無窮盡 人們可能會對具體的事物和抽象的事物心生厭惡——對他們認為在物理上令人厭惡的對像或對他們認為在道德上令人厭惡的意識形態或價值體系感到厭惡。 不同的事情會讓不同的人感到厭惡,這取決於個人的感受或文化背景。在 “Yuck!: The Nature and Moral Significance of Disgust”一書中, Daniel Kelly調查了厭惡的特性和演變,重點是理解這種情緒在我們的社會和道德生活中所扮演的角色。 厭惡最近引起了學術界的廣泛關注,尤其是來自認知科學和人文學科的“情感轉向affective turn”。 Daniel Kelly調查了與厭惡相關的實證文獻和實驗結果,並提出了一個可以適應我們現在所知道的認知模型。 他在模型的基礎上對厭惡的演變提供了一個新的解釋,並認為厭惡的表達是一個複雜但基本上是自動的信號系統的一部分,人類用來傳遞關於在當地環境中應該避免什麼的信息。 Kelly利用基因文化共同進化理論認為,厭惡被選為在我們的道德心理學中扮演某些角色。他表明,帶有厭惡色彩的道德厭惡的許多令人費解的特徵是為防止毒物和寄生蟲而進化的認知系統與它所承擔的社會和道德問題之間不完美契合的副產品。 Kelly對這種情緒的描述提供了一個強有力的論據,反對在為道德辯護服務時援引厭惡。然而,這是否也說明了事情真的會周而復始永無窮盡?。。。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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