很多人都認為中國人的民族性都適合當“韭菜”:沒有希望、待宰之羊。但若從相互依存/相互依賴(interdependent )的理論來說却又未必如此。個體在一個大制度下自然生出該制度下的個體品性。
從歷史上看,漢唐時代的人、學術、文化。。。比起現在的有何差異?戰國時代的儒、法、道、陰陽、縱橫五家,在漢朝初期依然活躍,但在中期以後,由於政府的提倡,學術界變成以研究經學為主。唐代佛學、詩等的燦爛亦是那時代的特徵。至當朝以馬列毛主義、民族主義的政教模式下產生的就是現在的一個模樣。當然,個體可以改變大制度。君不見大制度種種操施以防星星之火(可以燎原)(大制度化費在維穩的經費比之國防更大啊!)。但個體的力度比起大制度不竟是小的、細的。。。
從生物學到經濟學再到信息論,相互依存的主題無處不在,勾勒出我們對各種日常現象的體驗。事實上,網絡可能是我們這個時代的方興未艾的隱喻。然而,正是因為相互依賴的語言已經變得如此普遍以至於幾乎是平庸的,我們錯過了它的一些最令人驚訝和最深遠的影響。
在“Interdependence: Biology and Beyond”一書中,生物學家Kriti Sharma提供了一個引人注目的替代流行觀點,即相互依賴僅僅意味著獨立的事物相互作用。Sharma系統地展示了相互依賴如何導致一物由另一物相互構成——所有事物如何僅在依賴於他人的系統中形成。
在一個充滿生動例子的逐步說明中,Sharma 展示了相互依存的連貫觀點如何不僅有助於理解一系列日常經歷,而且有助於理解活細胞的最基本功能。特別關注細胞如何從周圍環境中獲取信號這一基本生物學問題,Sharma 表明,只有將“單個細胞與外部環境相互作用”的觀點替換為以相互依賴的遞歸系統為中心的觀點才能充分解釋如何生活有效。
生物學家和哲學家、科學理論家、系統理論家和控制論理論家,以及任何對生命如何運作感到好奇的人都會對本書感興趣。清晰、簡潔、富有洞察力的“Interdependence”明確地提供了一種連貫而實用的相互依賴哲學,並將有助於塑造 21 世紀相互依賴的含義。若將之應用於中國的研究上又會如何?91edited 09:46
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