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Daily Archives: July 10, 2022
What Really Matters: Living a Moral Life amidst Uncertainty and Danger
沈從文一生顛沛流離,但他從未失去人性。他曾勸誡青年汪曾祺說:“千萬不要冷嘲,熱衷於冷嘲、抖機靈,會使一個人逐漸變成猥瑣的廢物。你反對某物某人某事,可以掉過頭去不理,也可以懇切地提出批評。說些不陰不陽的話,看著是在折損別人,實則是折損了自己,使自己的心靈日漸化為虛空。‘’ 我們生於患難之中更要時刻提醒自己保有自己的人性。傑出精神病學家和人類學家Arthur Kleinman 博士從他自己的全部生活經歷中,向我們提供了寶貴的洞察力,讓我們深入了解我們生活中看似沒有真正答案的困難領域的潛在結構,其中許多人為意義而奮鬥。在這本” What Really Matters: Living a Moral Life amidst Uncertainty and Danger “書中充滿感人而發人深省的故事。 Kleinman講述了少數男人和女人的令人不安的故事,其中一些人經歷了動蕩的 20 世紀一些最基本的轉變。擴展你對人類經驗的廣度的理解,從而擴展你對生命潛在意義的理解。正如標題所述,他著手探索“不確定和危險”時期的各種經歷如何幫助闡明人類狀況的共同弱點,以及將道德崩潰與道德轉變區分開來的細線。Kleinman利用敘事生活故事來探索他的論文。 他花費了大量時間來關聯和區分兩個“道德”層次:本地/情境/內部道德,以及更多理論/知識/外部道德。這部作品不僅僅是另一種主觀的/後現代的嘗試,旨在消除先前構想的道德觀念。Kleinman 的工作是建設性的(用通俗的話來說,而不是破壞性的,不一定是哲學意義上的),並在綜合方面邁出了下一步。 在這裡,我們遇到了一位美國二戰老兵,他回憶起他在太平洋當兵時所犯下的暴行,令他痛苦不堪。一名在撒哈拉以南非洲幫助難民的法裔美國婦女,面對一個生活變得毫無意義的社會的徹底混亂。一位中國醫生試圖在毛澤東的文化大革命期間保持活力,發現唯一重要的價值觀是那些能讓你擺脫下一個威脅的價值觀。這些人發現自己陷入了對他們最重要的事情——他們的慾望、地位、人際關係、資源、政治和宗教承諾,生活本身——都受到了他們周圍社會的挑戰。每個人都沉浸在存在主義的道德體驗中,這些體驗定義了人類的意義,其強度使他們的生活敘述引人入勝。 這些故事也揭示了道德生活的可塑性,以及對我們的世界和生計的核心危險。事實上,Kleinman在本書中提供了一種開創性的倫理學方法,通過我們這個時代最令人不安的一些問題——戰爭、全球化、貧窮、社會不公——所有這些都在實際的道德生活的背景下。每章的大部分內容都是該主題的生活故事,在文本的各個部分中註入了Kleinman自己的道德,而不是那麼巧妙地掩蓋了表面上看起來很平常的東西(儘管稍微多一點複雜和成熟的思想)兩岸,城市,學術,美國自由主義政治情緒,以及Kleinman的評論和解釋。 書後的參考書目——資料來源的絕佳資源,可進一步了解他的資料來源,並在特定興趣領域進一步閱讀。你也許可以把這本書整齊地放在你的書架上,但它的內容不能完全適合任何小房間。 當然毫無疑問的在這樣的作品中,作者自己的偏見是不可避免的。無論如何,他的觀點具有巨大的價值,這實際上有助於進一步加強他的論文,且並沒有減損文本的整體價值(除非你傾向於發現某些觀點過於分散注意力而無法獲得價值從其餘的)。 有沒有沒有“不確定性和危險”的生活,如果有,這樣的人如何找到她/他自己的意義? …直到為時已晚?總體而言,我強烈推薦閱讀相對快速和積極的閱讀。公開和批判性地閱讀,最後你的思想肯定會更豐富。
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