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Daily Archives: July 22, 2022
A passion for society: how we think about human suffering
我們如何看待人類苦難? 苦難有人為的,有來自自然的。 那種苦難更令人有其椎心之痛?我們又應如何反思苦難?人類的苦難對社會意味著什麼?從過去到現在,這個意義是如何變化的?“受苦的問題”以何種方式激勵我們關心他人?我們對苦難的反應如何揭示我們的道德和社會狀況? 醫學人類學家Arthur Kleinman和社會學家Iain Wilkinson聯手為這些深刻的問題提供了一些答案。“A passion for society: how we think about human suffering”調查了社會科學的歷史發展和現狀,重點關注這種發展是如何為應對社會苦難問題而形成的。作者展示了通過關愛他人的社會行動如何振興和重塑社會科學學科,他們研究了通過對關愛他人的道德承諾來實現更多理解的潛力。在這部深思熟慮的作品中,Kleinman和Wilkinson主張建立一種參與式的社會科學,它將批判性思維與社會行動聯繫起來,尋求通過照料來學習,並致力於建立和維持人性化的社會形式。為讀者提供了人類和社會苦難的歷史和文化概覽。在此過程中,他們呼籲對社會科學實踐進行批判性反思,提倡更加關注護理。 這本書構成了對人類苦難的深刻人類學與社會學反思,以及它是如何隨著時間的推移而被體驗、理論化和協商的。Kleinman和Wilkinson解釋了人類苦難是如何在各種歷史背景下經歷和概念化的,包括英國內戰、法國大革命、西班牙虐待美洲印第安人以及新自由主義的興起。在每種情況下,他們都會討論相關的文化歷史、社會理論和相關的主要辯論。 前三章涉及對 18 世紀後期社會苦難的早期參考(第 1 章)、社會科學的發展及其與道德情感的關係(第 2 章),以及超越“社會學想像”的社會科學重構(米爾斯 1959 年)(第 3 章)。最後三章討論了Weber 關於現代文化中苦難問題的理論(第 4 章)、“人道主義社會想像”和道德緊迫性在尋求知識中的重要性(第 5 章),最後,如何實踐社會研究中的照顧導致社會理解(第 6 章)。在整本書中,讀者可以看到大量關於特定時間和背景的古典文學的參考資料。通過這種方式,本書還提供了對社會科學如何隨著時間的推移與人類和社會苦難相關的發展的理解。 這本書的範圍和目的之大是其最大的特點,但也是一個難點。讀者有時可能會發現自己漂浮在作者、思想、理論和論據的汪洋大海中。幸運的是,作者通過推薦能夠喚醒認知和反思的當代研究實踐,提供了救生衣、指南針和方向。六章中探討的各種論點在結論中得到了優雅的總結,Kleinman和Wilkinson認為,苦難問題對於人類和社會的理解至關重要,研究人員必須擺脫冷漠的專家身份,轉而從事護理實踐。 Kleinman和Wilkinson的寫作風格讓人特別感動。作者在提供關於人類苦難這個複雜主題的教科書概述和就社會科學研究人員的道德參與提出自己有說服力的論點之間取得了很好的平衡。因此,他們塑造了對研究的奉獻精神,而不僅僅是學術成就。他們強調,“真正的照顧行為”應該指導關於人類苦難的社會科學研究。 “有了這個重點,”他們寫道,“我們宣布對社會研究實踐的承諾,與其說是尋求學術認可,不如說是對積極參與創造人性化社會形式的道德關注。” (第 22 頁)。 … Continue reading
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