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Daily Archives: September 10, 2022
Rationality and Nature: A Sociological Inquiry into a Changing Relationship
人與自然的關係過往已有不少人從哲學、科學等的視角探討過。隨著第二個千年的結束,關於人類與自然關係的不同信念發生衝突。一種信念強調人類的一個顯著特徵——理性rationality ——使他們能夠重塑和掌握自然。另一邊堅持認為自然不是那麼具有可塑性,因此人類必須適應自然並使發展可持續,從而甚至限制增長。 “社會生態學Social ecology”斷言環境問題是製度等級制度的結果,並提出去中心化製度和平等主義倫理。根據“深層生態學deep ecology”,這些問題起源於假設只有人類有價值的文化,因此它強調自然的內在價值。 女性主義者在基於男女平等的價值觀和假設女性天生比男性更接近自然的生態女性主義價值觀之間左右為難。‘’Rationality and Nature: A Sociological Inquiry into a Changing Relationship(1994)‘’批判性地評估了這些相互衝突的文化傾向。浪費一直是政治經濟學中被遺忘的元素。西方社會擁有復雜的財務會計方法,但對浪費造成的財務和人力損失幾乎沒有考慮。 Raymond Murphy 在本書中提出了將環境債務作為資本積累來源的理論。他開發了一個“環境等級”模型,幫助我們理解環境衝突的政治和經濟基礎。在科學和應用科學發展之前,環境退化並沒有大規模發生。他們是否對此負責?他們是否可以重新定位於與自然建立更加共生的關係?本書還探討了產生共生關係的其他方式:強迫、生態價值、生態經驗和生態知識。
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