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Daily Archives: September 12, 2022
Mapping China and Managing the World: Culture, Cartography and Cosmology in Late Imperial Times
北京有個天安門廣場,而匈牙利有個英雄廣場。天安門廣場佈滿公安,而英雄廣場則只見市民及遊客……人輕鬆地走著,穿梭在兩旁的藝術博物館及歷史博物館之間、流走於附近的政府大樓之中……建築物是那麽的古典、人是如此的優悠……望着這些英雄像,不期然肅穆起來……我們有沒有英雄呢?我們的英雄往那兒去了?人民廣場為什麼沒有人民的英雄、而只有一些意識形態的象徵物……?英雄像上是大天使米迦勒,注視着人間的一切、行使着善惡判斷……而我們呢?造神運動後……人升格為神了……可以放肆妄為了……結果人吃人、造假、失實……一場運動連著一場運動……既無超越的監察、畏懼,亦無人間的律法可守……百姓只有默默地承受、改造成只為存活的蟑螂般的存在……文化、禮儀……沒有了,有的只是粗鄙、貪婪…到處覓食為生的存在…… 從公元前221年秦朝建立至今,中國人一直專注於秩序(zhi序)的概念。這種文化關注不僅表現在中國高度完善的官僚制度和社會經濟組織方法中,而且表現在中國哲學、宗教和世俗儀式中,以及一系列對人類成就進行分類的綜合體系中,以及所有自然和超自然現象。 Richard J. Smith 的 “Mapping China and Managing the World: Culture, Cartography and Cosmology in Late Imperial Times“側重於中國人使用的幾種關鍵手段,用於理解和管理他們廣闊而多樣的世界,他們認為這些世界包括“天下all under Heaven ”。 本書首先討論了古代著作《易經》和“世界the world ”地圖如何成為帝國時代(公元前 221 年至 1912 年)中國人管理空間和時間的兩種主要手段。Smith接著展示了禮(li禮)如何成為克服混亂、構建中國社會和維護王朝合法性的有力工具。他接著發展出這樣的觀念:正如中國的經典和歷史命令過去,禮節命令現在,所以占卜命令未來。本書最後強調了《易經》在中國知識和文化生活中的持久相關性,以及它在中外交往史上的地位。 這篇由中國思想和文化史最重要的學者之一挑選的論文將受到中國和東亞歷史學家以及對中國和東亞文化和互動更廣泛感興趣的人的歡迎。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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