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Daily Archives: January 2, 2023
Democracy and Legal Change
無論是威權/極權社會,亦或民主開放社會都強調法律/憲法的重要性。雖然前者袛是將法律/憲法視為幌子。自古雅典以來,民主主義者就以他們的力量和改變法律的傾向為榮,但他們也試圖通過制定不可變的法律來對抗這種能力。Schwartzberg認為,修改法律是一項基本且有吸引力的民主活動。 與那些捍衛使用“鞏固條款”來保護關鍵憲法條款免於修改的人相反, 在”Democracy and Legal Change”中, Melissa Schwartzberg 探討了法律鞏固的(非)民主後果問題,試圖從歷史上證明不可修改的法律通常具有的戰略甚至不公正目的,並強調鞏固可能對當今民主國家產生的令人遺憾的後果.。 更廣泛地說,本書定位於涉及憲政與民主關係的規範複雜性領域。 這本書為靈活法律的實踐和反對法律設防進行了論證,因為據稱設防會破壞創新、立法活動、承認人的錯誤以及審議和參與政治生活等重要的民主原則。 ”中, Melissa Schwartzberg 探討了法律鞏固的(非)民主後果問題,試圖從歷史上證明不可修改的法律通常具有的戰略甚至不公正目的,並強調鞏固可能對當今民主國家產生的令人遺憾的後果.。 更廣泛地說,本書定位於涉及憲政與民主關係的規範複雜性領域。 這本書為靈活法律的實踐和反對法律設防進行了論證,因為據稱設防會破壞創新、立法活動、承認人的錯誤以及審議和參與政治生活等重要的民主原則。 在書中結合了深入歷史分析的方法,並在很大程度上建立了一個上下文立場,即民主與法律的靈活性和可變性之間的密切和相互支持的關係,無論文化和歷史環境如何。 一方面,Schwartzberg相當成功地將歷史分析的目標聯繫起來,另一方面對法律鞏固的民主問題影響做出了陳述。 儘管如此,如果她為了最終提出一般性的和非上下文相關的論點而更詳細地證明她(選擇性)參與歷史的策略是合理的,那麼這將加強本書的方法論地位。 在導言中,Schwartzberg 將法律“鞏固條款”的概念與其他法律變革概念(法定的、解釋性的、憲政的和革命的)相比較,並提供了一種有用且信息豐富的法律鞏固類型。 她區分了正式和無時間限制的防禦(formal and time-unlimited entrenchment, pp.8-11)、正式和有時間限制的防禦(formal and time-limited entrenchment, pp.11-12)、事實上的防禦(de facto entrenchment, pp.12-13) 和隱含的防禦(implicit entrenchment, pp.13-16) ), 並提供了每種類型的詳盡解釋和示例。 她還借鑒了Bruce … Continue reading
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