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Daily Archives: January 21, 2023
Sociology and Empire: The Imperial Entanglements of a Discipline
學者為其國家服務一向都有,問題是這種服務是為其喉舌?還是客觀地提供資訊、建議。。。?前者多的是在威權/極權社會中所見,而後者則多被視為公共知識人。但即使是公共知識人,他/她們一旦為國家服務,在開放社會中也會引起軒然大波。美國國防部為其“人文地形系統項目Human Terrain System project”——協助其在阿富汗和伊拉克的行動——聘請了人類學家的消息就引起了軒然大波,然此事却也掩蓋了社會學家參與五角大樓資助的類似項目。 George Steinmetz 收集了範圍廣泛的作品: “Sociology and Empire: The Imperial Entanglements of a Discipline” 的撰稿人所表明的那樣,這種隸屬關係並不新鮮。 一個多世紀以來,社會學家作為西方帝國主義的顧問、理論家和分析家一直都很活躍。 某些歷史時刻需要某些類型書籍的出現,社會學歷史上的某些時刻需要一種新的干預。正是在 21 世紀初,隨著美帝國的明顯衰落,全球注意力轉向非西方/非北方世界,以及前“第三世界”在第一世界的存在越來越多的那種歷史時刻。後/反/去殖民研究的日益突出,對世界主義和多元文化主義作為與他人共處和組織社會的模式的關注,以及對全球概念作為分析框架的新興關注,所有這些似乎都集中在需要重新思考社會學思想的認知基礎和目的的喚起上。 這本“ Sociology and Empire” 也算是近年來出現的最重要的選集之一了。它深入探討了社會學的歷史,而這種社會學“歷史”的倍增是有意的; Steinmetz 的目標之一是剝離社會學的普遍性概念及其代表客觀“無處不在的觀點”的論點,而是詳細說明社會學概念本身以非常特殊的國家為基礎的殖民地和帝國歷史的方式。Steinmetz的撰稿人沒有將民族社會學的發展視為發生在真空中或民族國家的“容器”中,而是將社會學置於一種辯證的,或者至少是一種相互往復的關係中帝國的擴張。 本書令人印象深刻地全面介紹了從 1830 年代到今天對帝國社會學理解的各種貢獻,這本書分為三個主要部分。第一部分是深入探討國家社會學及其與帝國發展的關係。這裡的作品探索了在前蘇聯時期的俄羅斯、意大利、德國、法國和美國培育的社會學變體如何受到每個帝國的影響並影響其發展。第二部分是對當前帝國社會學理論的考察,借鑒了Giorgio Agamben的主權概念和例外狀態、Michael Hardt和Antonio Negri在“Empire ”方面的著作以及Ernesto Laclau和Chantal Mouffe對霸權的考察等理論立場。這些部分收錄了各種資深學者的作品,包括Michael Mann、Krishan Kumar、Julian Go、和Fuyuki … Continue reading
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