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Daily Archives: January 23, 2023
The Origins of Modern Science: From Antiquity to the Scientific Revolution
Noel Joseph T. M. Needham的《中國科學技術史Science and Civilization in China》探討了中國歷史上的科學技術發展,並試圖解釋何以中國祇有科技而未能有科學。但可惜Needham花了這麼大的功夫,出版了七卷十四册的書還是未能好好道出其因。因為他袛從技術史的角度去想,其實其因從最近看到的一個評價中国科研環境的笑話:“霍金来了都得下轮椅给领导敬酒”即可見一班。中國歷朝歷代都是籠罩在政治意識形態之下,今尤勝於古。從哈佛大學研究出版的 “Can China Lead?” 中提及:中国投放於教育的資金遠勝於歐美,但可惜的是各大大小小研究單位都定必有一政治任命的黨書記存在,而此職人員又多是門外漢;另中国所發表研究論文也多有抄襲情況。。。 回過頭來看西方呢? 科學和醫學長期以來一直交織在一起:如果沒有基礎科學的先驗知識,醫學領域的許多進步是不可能的。因此,醫學史學家也會發現科學史令人著迷也就不足為奇了。在這本書中,Ofer Gal 描述了從古代到 17 世紀現代科學革命開始的現代科學的起源。 “The Origins of Modern Science: From Antiquity to the Scientific Revolution”的前幾節介紹了 Plato 和 Pythagoras 的貢獻,強調了早期數學家和哲學家的貢獻;轉向Parmenides和他的批判性思維方式;再到Aristotle 對科學和人類思想的貢獻,如土、水、氣、火四大元素,遠傳中國和印度。 天文學和宇宙的歷史引發了對中世紀早期科學家的討論。在此期間,希臘學習出現衰退,埃及亞歷山大港著名的圖書館被燒毀。探討了魔法和迷信在早期科學思想中的作用,包括對煉金術的討論。教會和其他宗教影響統治了這一天。然而,這個時代也見證了 1088 年意大利博洛尼亞等大學的成立; 1096 年在英國牛津; … Continue reading
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