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Daily Archives: August 18, 2023
What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West
著名考古學家 David Wengrow 在對古埃及和美索不達米亞的 “文明的誕生” 進行了生動的新描述,將這兩個國家的歷史匯集在統一的歷史中,在這兩個國家中,人們為眾神創造了城市、王國和紀念性寺廟。但 Wengrow 認為,文明不僅僅意味著大規模的定居點和努力。同樣重要的是日常生活中常見但基本的做法,例如做飯、持家和清潔身體。Wengrow 追溯了從史前時代到金字塔時代這些實踐的發展,揭示了遙遠地區之間意想不到的聯繫,並為我們認為遠離我們自己的社會的運作提供了新的見解。這迫使我們認識到文明不是孤立形成的,而是通過不同社會之間文化的混合和借鑒而形成的。最後,它在古代近東和根據理想形象重塑世界的當代嘗試之間進行了明顯的相似之處的發現。 David Wengrow 表示,新的研究正在改變我們對古代近東的印象。在這本薄薄 “What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West” 的書中,倫敦大學學院考古研究所比較考古學的 David Wengrow 對這一轉變進行了有益的總結。在此過程中,他為我們理解歷史文明的本質做出了重大貢獻。 儘管歷史學家,特別是那些熟悉世界體系分析的歷史學家,當然知道古代世界存在貿易和文化交流,但他們通常將這些理解為截然不同的社會之間的相遇。大多數早期文明的研究都集中在一個人為隔離的地區;現代國家博物館亦強化了這種趨勢。因此,我們認為古代近東是一個由埃及人和美索不達米亞人居住的世界,他們的思想和行為方式被認為具有埃及人和美索不達米亞人的獨特方式。Wengrow 對這一切提出質疑,認為 “古代近東的文化身份是互動和交流的產物,而不是孤立的產物” ( p 13 )。“埃及社會和美索不達米亞社會,” “都是從一個共同的 ‘大鍋’ 中汲取營養的文明”( p … Continue reading
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