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Daily Archives: October 12, 2023
Manhunts: A Philosophical History
社會並不太平,國際社會上更不太平。 從地區社會運動、到國際上南海、俄烏戰爭,而到最近哈馬斯綁架殺害與以色列有關的平民而再次引發的戰爭中,可見人類雖然步入二十一世紀,但仍然處於野蠻狀態中,相信暴力可以解決問題;而有些國及其国民更沾沾自喜以為可得漁人之利。這不禁想起法國哲學家 Grégoire Chamayou 於 2010 年出版,而於 2012 年翻譯為英文的一本書 “Les Chasses à l’homme “《 Manhunts: A Philosophical History》。”Manhunts” 觸及了權力、權威和統治的問題,深入探討了西方對人類的狩獵,從古代斯巴達,到中世紀,再到現代追逐無證移民的做法。Grégoire Chamayou 結合了歷史事件和哲學反思,審視了對逃亡的個人和小團體的系統化和有組織的搜尋,因為他們藐視權威、犯下罪行、僅僅因為存在而顯得危險,或被歸類為非人類或可有可無。 Grégoire Chamayou 從古希臘時期,年輕的斯巴達人獵殺 Helots(斯巴達的農奴)作為入會儀式,Aristotle 和其他哲學家透過創造自然奴隸的概念,幫助證明掠奪和奴役外國人的合理性。Chamayou 他討論了中世紀對異端的追捕;近代早期的新大陸原住民;其他時代的流浪者、猶太人、罪犯、逃亡奴隸;以及今天的非法移民。Chamayou 探討了關於人類和非人類的不斷演變的觀念,我們對敵人和社會邊緣人的責任,以及統治的合法性,他表明對人類的狩獵不應該被歷史地對待,追捕的理由和目的與其做法一樣千差萬別。他研究了狩獵的心理,並指出,從賞金獵人到 Balzac,許多人都曾寫過當獵物同樣聰明和狡猾時狩獵的興奮感。 “Manhunts: A Philosophical History” 是一部講述非傳統主題的非傳統歷史,深入思考了一種古老的暴力形式的動態。 搜捕 (Manhunts) 可能是所有權力的典範嗎?Grégoire Chamayou 大膽地跨越了幾個世紀對這一假設進行了檢驗。在我們對權力、主權和治理的考察中,對生命權力的整體關注目前正被更多的死亡和殺戮理論化所補充。然而,在殺戮之前甚至有時取代殺戮的狩獵往往被忽視。然而,正如 Gregoire Chamayou 所寫,“統治是以一種追捕為前提的” … Continue reading
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