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Daily Archives: August 1, 2024
Catherine Malabou – What Should We Do with Our Brain – Fordham University Press (2022)
人人都認為自己有腦,但大都不能好好善用自己腦袋。 最近的神經科學在取代舊的大腦模型作為單一集中控制來源時,強調了 “可塑性”,即我們的大腦在我們一生中發展和變化的品質。我們的大腦作為歷史產物而存在,在與自身和周圍環境的相互作用中發展。因此,神經系統的組織與政治和社會組織之間存在著一線之隔,而政治和社會組織既受人類經驗的制約,也受人類經驗的限制。仔細觀察當代神經科學,我們很難不注意到,談論大腦的新方式反映了我們現在所處的新自由主義資本主義世界的管理話語,其中包括權力下放、網路和靈活性。有意識或無意識地,科學不能不回應它所發生的世界。在新自由主義世界中,“可塑性 plasticity” 可以等同於 “靈活性 flexibility” —— 這個術語已成為經濟學和管理理論中的流行語。因此,可塑性大腦代表了另一種權力形式,雖然不那麼集中化,但仍然是一種控制手段。在本書 “What Should We Do with Our Brain” 中,Catherine Malabou 為 “可塑性” 提出了第二種更激進的意義。可塑性不僅讓我們的大腦能夠適應現有的環境,而且還為干預和改變這些環境提供了自由空間。這種理解開啟了神經科學的一個新的變革面向。在堅持神經科學和社會科學之間的這種接近性時,Malabou 將 Karl Marx 關於歷史的著名短語應用於大腦:人們創造了自己的大腦,但他們並不知道。本書就是這些知識的召喚。 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 毫無疑問,腦科學對於我們當代文化的其他部分的重要性與日俱增,儘管這一切意味著甚麼還有很多值得探索的地方。對於神經科學活動中心之外的學術界來說,關注並吸收我們每個人的這一關鍵部分所取得的進展的重要性是適當的。神經科學已經受到哲學家相對廣泛的關注,尤其是心靈哲學家和科學哲學家(儘管神經倫理學家的數量似乎不斷增長),他們精通功能性磁振造影、多巴胺、外側膝狀核和長時程增強作用。然而,據所知,關注神經科學的哲學家所產生的哲學絕大多數都是在分析哲學的傳統中完成的,儘管有一些參照 Merleau-Ponty 的內容。目前審查的項目不屬於受神經科學影響的當代分析哲學分支。“What Should We Do with Our Brain? (2008)” 出現在 Fordham University Press 的 … Continue reading
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