Archives
- January 2025 (3)
- December 2024 (5)
- November 2024 (4)
- October 2024 (5)
- September 2024 (6)
- August 2024 (5)
- July 2024 (6)
- June 2024 (6)
- May 2024 (9)
- April 2024 (8)
- March 2024 (9)
- February 2024 (6)
- January 2024 (6)
- December 2023 (2)
- November 2023 (5)
- October 2023 (11)
- September 2023 (13)
- August 2023 (13)
- July 2023 (19)
- June 2023 (19)
- May 2023 (20)
- April 2023 (22)
- March 2023 (23)
- February 2023 (22)
- January 2023 (28)
- December 2022 (25)
- November 2022 (18)
- October 2022 (22)
- September 2022 (26)
- August 2022 (30)
- July 2022 (33)
- June 2022 (22)
- May 2022 (30)
- April 2022 (28)
- March 2022 (29)
- February 2022 (15)
- January 2022 (4)
- December 2021 (4)
- November 2021 (1)
- October 2021 (2)
- September 2021 (2)
- August 2021 (6)
- July 2021 (9)
- May 2021 (8)
- April 2021 (15)
- March 2021 (7)
- January 2021 (5)
- October 2020 (5)
- September 2020 (10)
- August 2020 (1)
- July 2020 (2)
- June 2020 (3)
- April 2020 (1)
- March 2020 (1)
- February 2020 (1)
- January 2020 (4)
- December 2019 (1)
- August 2019 (1)
- October 2018 (2)
- September 2018 (3)
- August 2018 (2)
- July 2018 (1)
- April 2018 (1)
- March 2018 (2)
- February 2018 (1)
- December 2017 (3)
- November 2017 (1)
- October 2017 (3)
- September 2017 (2)
- August 2017 (6)
- June 2017 (1)
- May 2017 (3)
- April 2017 (2)
- March 2017 (6)
- February 2017 (8)
- January 2017 (5)
- December 2016 (7)
- November 2016 (7)
- October 2016 (2)
- September 2016 (5)
- August 2016 (4)
- July 2016 (2)
- June 2016 (22)
- May 2016 (17)
- April 2016 (13)
- March 2016 (13)
- February 2016 (16)
- January 2016 (13)
- December 2015 (27)
- November 2015 (42)
- October 2015 (40)
- September 2015 (49)
- August 2015 (43)
- July 2015 (28)
- June 2015 (38)
- May 2015 (46)
- April 2015 (67)
- March 2015 (49)
- February 2015 (28)
- January 2015 (20)
- December 2014 (23)
- November 2014 (18)
- October 2014 (20)
- September 2014 (30)
- August 2014 (28)
- July 2014 (24)
- June 2014 (25)
- May 2014 (12)
- April 2014 (8)
- March 2014 (13)
- February 2014 (5)
- January 2014 (2)
- December 2013 (7)
- November 2013 (11)
- October 2013 (25)
- September 2013 (30)
- August 2013 (34)
- July 2013 (33)
- June 2013 (46)
- May 2013 (47)
- April 2013 (4)
- March 2013 (3)
- March 2011 (1)
- December 2008 (1)
- November 2008 (1)
- July 2008 (3)
- April 2008 (3)
- February 2008 (1)
- December 2007 (3)
- November 2007 (2)
- October 2007 (5)
- September 2007 (3)
- August 2007 (3)
- July 2007 (2)
- June 2007 (1)
- May 2007 (2)
- April 2007 (4)
- March 2007 (23)
- February 2007 (4)
- January 2007 (6)
- December 2006 (2)
- October 2006 (1)
- June 2006 (1)
- April 2005 (1)
- July 2003 (1)
- April 2003 (1)
- April 2002 (1)
- February 2001 (1)
- November 2000 (1)
- April 2000 (1)
- October 1999 (1)
- September 1999 (2)
- June 1999 (1)
- May 1999 (3)
- March 1999 (1)
- October 1998 (1)
- August 1998 (1)
- July 1998 (2)
- May 1998 (4)
- April 1998 (4)
- February 1998 (1)
- December 1997 (2)
- November 1997 (1)
- October 1997 (2)
- September 1997 (2)
- July 1997 (4)
- June 1997 (2)
- May 1997 (1)
- April 1997 (1)
- March 1997 (1)
- December 1996 (1)
- May 1996 (1)
Categories
- 念一瓢酌 Memory (28)
- 思一瓢酌 Thinking (1,003)
- 混沌一瓢酌 chaos (284)
- 獨語一瓢酌 soliloquy (441)
- 生一瓢酌 Life (223)
- 讀一瓢酌 Read (1,014)
- 遊一瓢酌 Traveling (47)
- 饒舌一瓢酌 Rapping (244)
Meta
Author Said Something
Daily Archives: January 19, 2023
Are We Slaves to our Genes?
我們是否是我們基因的奴隸可能聽起來很誇張。然而我們很久以前就沒有這種想法了? 但這對我們來說是個好問題,部分原因是基因決定論以其陰險的新形式似乎威脅到我們的自由。我們對於基因有著一種普遍的誤解,似乎基因掌控著我們的命運。然而最新的基因學方面的發現並不支持這種觀點。儘管不同基因的不同性質的確會對不同人的行為具有不同的影響,但在大多數情況下,這並不能削弱我們真正的自由意志。基因決定論只是在一些醫學背景下才起作用,主要是一些精神病綜合症。一種新的基因決定論正在悄悄出現,它可以影響我們思考和行動的方式。 Denis Alexander 在” Are We Slaves to our Genes?” 一書中探討了我們可以如何回應。的確,基因決定論的糟糕過去屬於 20 世紀的前幾十年。 從 1880 年代到 1940 年代,人們普遍認為遺傳決定了種族、階級、心理健康和智力。 優生學立法確保了美國、丹麥、瑞典和德國數十萬“身心缺陷者”的強制絕育。 但我們現在看到了一種新的遺傳決定論。 與舊版本不同,它更多地被一種文化滲透所吸收,而不是被大膽的“科學”斷言所吸收。 遺傳學家報告他們的結果往往是謹慎的,強調環境的作用。 儘管如此,基因決定論的語言已經進入日常討論。 諸如“它在她的 DNA 中”或“在這個或那個機構的 DNA 中”之類的短語突出了被認為是永久的特徵。 媒體經常報導發現了他們所謂的暴力、幸福或一夫一妻制的“基因”。 頗具影響力的科學雜誌《自然》最近發表的一篇新聞報導稱:“越來越多的研究表明,生物學可以對政治信仰和行為產生重大影響……基因可以影響人們對墮胎、移民、死亡等話題的態度。 懲罰和和平主義。” 在這樣的描述中,基因被視為與我們自身不同的東西,具有“拉力”。 重新思考遺傳學 部分問題在於像這樣誇大的科學報告。當媒體準確報導科學時,對遺傳決定論的支持就會消失,我們會看到截然不同的畫面。這裡的關鍵是思考基因在人類發展中的作用。 是的,如果沒有我們都擁有的特定基因組(即一組 DNA 遺傳資訊),我們就不會成為人類。但是從父母那裡遺傳的並不是裸露的DNA。 就其本身而言,DNA 無能為力。相反,卵子和精子融合在一起,形成一個複雜的分子系統,這些分子相互配合,孕育出那個可愛的嬰兒。單獨來看,DNA … Continue reading
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
Leave a comment